Integrated+Approaches+to+ESL

= = = Integrated Approaches = = to Second Language Acquisition = = = = = = There are many different approaches that can be used with second language acquisition. No single approach is the correct approach, but different approaches may be more appropriate with different age groups and with different stages of second language acquisition. Below is a chart that will assist you with some approaches that may be appropriate with your students. = = = ​. ** An Integrated View of Second Language Acquisition **        ||  Approaches:  Functional Approach  Universal Grammar Approach   Explanation:  Apperceived input is the beginning stage of input. Factors include: · Frequency or infrequency of information presented. · Affect – social distance, motivation, attitude · <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Prior Knowledge · <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Attention <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> The functional approach focuses <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Use the Grammar approach to address the innateness of grammar. Don’t worry about learner’s grammar when they are new second language speakers or when they are young second language speakers. || **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Materials and Resources Needed: ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Approaches: <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> The Natural approach <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> The Integrated Approach <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Explanation: <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Comprehended input is learner controlled. This includes higher order analysis of meaning. Both of these approaches utilize different techniques to enhance second language acquisition. || **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Materials and Resources Needed: ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Approaches:  ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">These approaches focus on the total earner and incorporate many aspects of language acquisition. **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Materials and Resources Needed:  ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Approaches:  ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Increase speaking opportunities for students. ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> || · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Address culture shock – help the student to feel comfortable in new surroundings. **  · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Talk about family, country experiences ** · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Encourage speaking in native language. **  · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Introduce student to others who speak to same native language. **  · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Monitor listening skills ** · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Make activities short and relevant. **  · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Teach phonics. ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Use vocabulary slightly above learner’s understanding. **  · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Increase comprehensible input by providing many listening activities. **  · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Engage the student in group work. ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Be aware of the critical period. **  · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Be aware of social factors that could impede learning. **  · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Monitor interaction with other students. **  · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Have student work in small groups. Answering questions in a large group can be particularly intimidating at this age. ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Provide feedback on grammatical issues. **  · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Assist student in becoming involved in school activities. **  · <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">  || **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Approaches for Beginners / Limited English Proficiency  ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Utilize prior knowledge to make connections. **  · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Respect silent period. **  · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Read books to students in L1 and L2. **  · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Teach basic needs such as feelings, hunger, bathroom communication. **  · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Teach action verbs. ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Combined Functional and Typological approaches ** · **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Natural Approach ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Materials and Resources Needed:  ** **//<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Starfall //****<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> computer program ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Resources: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Classroom activities and games for Esl learners //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">. Esl playground. Retrieved online on 6/3/2010.http: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">eslplayground.com/middle/ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Haynes, J. Teaching English language learners across the content areas. //everything ESL. Retrieved online in 6/3/2010 at://  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">[] Nuzzi,M. Marie Nuzzie’s ESL connection. //Retrieved online on 6/3/2010 at:// []<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Reading comprehension strategies for content learning. (2007). //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Colorin Colorado //. //Retrieved online on 6/3/2010 at:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">http: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">www.colorincolorado.org/educators/content/comprehension <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> MTSU Honor Statement: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> This assignment/assessment was solely written by me. In no way have I plagiarized the work of or otherwise violated the copyright laws and academic conventions of fair use. I know that violations of this policy may result in my being dismissed from Middle Tennessee State University and/or appropriate legal action being taken against me. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Signed <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Kathleen B. Jones <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Date 6/03/2010
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Stage 1: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Apperceived Input **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Computer to Google visuals **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Picture cards **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Language –rich books **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Books in Native language **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Listening center with books **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Materials that each learner can identify with – music, art, crafts, food ** ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Stage 2: Comprehended Input **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Teach speech acts **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Engage students in small group activities **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Visuals **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Graphic organizers **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Experiences with idioms and and analogies. ** ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Stage 3: Comprehended Integration **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> The Natural Approach **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Integrated Approach **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Explanation: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Hypothesis confirmation/rejection **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Apparent nonuse – information is incorporated into a learner’s grammar. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Storage – Input is put into storage **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Nonuse – learner does not comprehend therefore does not use input. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Provide many opportunities for discussions with small groups of students. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Provide role playing activities that include relevant situations where problem solving is included. ** ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Stage 4: Output **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> The Natural Approach **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> The Typological Approach **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Integrated Approach **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Explanation: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> The Integrated Approach should be addressed. Since output also involves understanding of vocabulary and personality issues sung grammar properly, therefore the typological approach should be included. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Ask questions. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Ask opinions. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Discuss current events. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Give students opportunities to give directions. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Provide leadership opportunities to students. **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Suggestions and Tips for Teachers **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Approaches for Moderate English Proficiency **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Integrated Approach **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> The Natural Approach **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Approaches for Younger ESL Student: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Functional Approach **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Approaches for Middle School: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> The Natural Approach **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Some typological approaches to focus on grammar **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Use the interaction hypothesis **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Approaches for High School **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> playdough, sand, textured materials **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Foods and items for smelling – students will identify and describe. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Role playing costumes and imaginative toys such as a toy farm set, zoo set, playground set., cooking set, etc. Manipulatives of all kinds. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Leveled Literacy Intervention Language program **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> ESL posters that come with the Scott Forseman series. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> ESL books that come with the Scott Forseman series **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Flashcards with graphics **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Puppets **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Plays **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Role-playing task cards **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Simple cards with emotions **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Posters with activities **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Task cards – comparing, sharing, problem solving, listing activities **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Centers with pictures and clear directions **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Smart Board **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Journaling **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Small group activities **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Graphic organizers **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Picture and language-rich books **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Tape recorder **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Checklists **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Music for all ages **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Magazines for appropriate age-level **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Sports pictures **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Provide relevant video clips **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Compare similarities and differences in languages. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Engage in debates and other higher forms of discussions such as collaboration. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Provide leadership opportunities. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Journaling activities **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Real life situations to discuss and write about. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Share experiences in native country. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Compare/contrast situations in native country to new home. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Provide corrective feedback. **

Kathleen B. Jones Jonesk@clintonschools.org